All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
This
Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in
Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the
Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the
Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or
Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.
The
Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several
State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United
States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to
support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a
Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.
“The Constitution is the supreme law of
the land. If a state law or constitution contradicts a constitutional federal
law, state judges are required to uphold the federal law.
In our system of federalism, in order for a federal law to be constitutional, it
must be an exercise of Congress’s powers enumerated in Article I, Section 8. The Tenth Amendmentspecifies
that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states
and the people.
Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall
cited the Supremacy Clause in cases that solidified federal power including McCullough v. Maryland (1819), and
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824).”
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